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Biological control of lygus plant bugs in established and emerging crops

Posted on 19.01.2023 | Last Modified 12.05.2025
Lead Researcher (PI): Hector Carcamo
Institution: Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada
Total WGRF Funding: $111,352
Co-Funders: Alberta Canola Producers Commission
Start Date: 2022
Project Length: 3 Years
Objectives:

Improve biological control of lygus bugs to reduce yield losses in established and emerging crops. Gather scientific information to be able to relocate and establish an exotic parasitoid wasp from Quebec to the Prairies.

Project Summary:

The overall goal of this study was to enhance biological control of lygus bugs in the Canadian Prairies using parasitoid wasps that attack the juvenile stages of the pest. Lygus are a widespread pest of multiple crops: canola, seed alfalfa, faba beans, strawberries, greenhouse crops, and many others. Thus, increasing biological control of lygus bugs would have major economic, environmental and potential health benefits to Canadians through the reduction of pesticide use. Our survey from 2022 to 2024 in minor field crops like flax, mustard, hemp, faba bean and major crops like canola, showed that native Peristenus wasps are present, and the overall parasitism was around 11% but, in some crops, including canola, the peak at one collection time surpassed 80%. This information provides important baseline data to assess the success of future biological control introductions and impacts on native wasps. Of interest was the finding that a summer native species (Peristenus howardi) is now attacking lygus nymphs in canola and other crops; this in contrast to previous studies where near zero parasitism had been reported. This species also appears to withstand competition by the exotic wasp being considered for relocation. Surveys from Quebec suggest that in many fields lygus are not abundant and the exotic parasitoid is common throughout the region, but parasitism was low. Quantitative analysis was not possible due to low numbers of the insects in many sites during 2022-2025. Some of the native parasitoids (Leiophron) still persist in lygus, but the native eastern Peristenus are now rare in lygus nymphs in the Quebec sites studied. Additional work is needed in Eastern Canada to determine if the native Peristenus are still common in other plant bugs as reported for some regions of the USA. This research strengthens the rationale to relocate the exotic parasitoid from eastern Canada (Quebec/Ontario) to western Canada because the western native species do not provide sufficient control, appear to be good competitors and are expected to persist in plant bugs other than lygus bugs. The next step will be to write a “relocation petition” to the Biological Control Working Group of AAFC who will coordinate its evaluation among science peers and industry stakeholders for a final recommendation to relocate the exotic parasitoid or not. Furthermore, future research on methods to rear and enhance the native parasitoids in crop landscapes should be undertaken.